Breastfeeding Status, Awareness, and Barriers Among Libyan Mothers: A Nationwide Cross-Sectional Study, 2024

Abstract

Background, Breastfeeding is a mother's gift to herself, her baby, and the earth. It provides optimal nutrition for infants, protects against infections and chronic diseases, promotes maternal health, and contributes to environmental sustainability. The World Health Organization (WHO) recommends exclusive breastfeeding for the first six months of life. Objectives; To estimate the status of breastfeeding among Libyan mothers across Libya in 2024, assess mothers' breastfeeding awareness, identify the factors affecting mothers' feeding decisions, and determine the barriers to breastfeeding.
Methods: A descriptive online-based cross-sectional study were conducted from 1 July to 31 July 2024 among Libyan mothers aged 18–45 years. A structured self-administered questionnaire was distributed using Google Forms through social media platforms. Convenience sampling was used, and a total of 1,515 women participated. Data were analysed using SPSS (or Microsoft Excel) using descriptive statistics and appropriate inferential tests.
Results: The study demonstrated that exclusive breastfeeding rates remain below the recommended international standards, while early initiation of breastfeeding was close to the targeted recommendations   73.9%   . Most breastfeeding mothers experienced breastfeeding-related problems   75.6%   , particularly cracked nipples 35.5 %   , yet many did not seek professional counselling    70.5%   . Those who sought counselling mainly consulted obstetrician 61.7% s     . Despite these difficulties, most mothers continued breastfeeding 63.4 %   . Nearly all participants were aware of the advantages of breastfeeding and demonstrated good knowledge regarding breastfeeding practices, including proper latch. Family support was generally available; however, participation in breastfeeding support groups was very limited, and breastfeeding facilities in public places were lacking.
Conclusion: Although awareness of breastfeeding benefits among Libyan mothers is high, exclusive breastfeeding remains suboptimal. Strengthening breastfeeding support services, improving professional counselling, and implementing Baby-Friendly Hospital initiatives may improve breastfeeding practices nationwide.