Risk Factors and Early Outcomes of Neonatal jaundice at Alhadba Alkhadra Teaching Hospital, Tripoli, Libya

Abstract

Background: Neonatal jaundice is one of the most common causes of neonatal admissions and contributes significantly to morbidity and mortality, particularly in low-resource settings. Identifying risk factors associated with adverse outcomes is essential for improving clinical management.
Objective: To evaluate the association between maternal and neonatal risk factors and early clinical outcomes among neonates admitted with jaundice.
Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted on 89 neonates admitted with jaundice to Alhadba Alkhadra Teaching Hospital, Tripoli, Libya between January and June 2025. 
Results: Low birth weight (<2.5 kg) emerged as the strongest predictor of adverse outcomes, showing significant associations with mortality (χ²=18.58, p= 0.00). Prematurity also significantly predicted mortality, early sepsis, and prolonged hospitalization. In contrast, immune-mediated jaundice (ABO/Rh incompatibility) and all maternal factors—including diabetes, infection, meconium, and mode of delivery—were not significantly associated with poor outcomes in this study. Rebound jaundice occurred in 17.9% of neonate, and neurological complications in 5.6%; however, none of the assessed risk factors showed significant associations. The overall mortality rate was 23.6%, primarily related to prematurity and severe sepsis.
Conclusion: Low birth weight is the most powerful determinant of adverse outcomes among neonates admitted with jaundice. Prematurity as well contributes significantly, while maternal characteristics and immune-mediated jaundice were not predictive. Enhanced monitoring of LBW and preterm infants, early detection of sepsis, and improvements in neonatal care practices are essential to reduce morbidity and mortality in similar settings.